Isifundo Sokubalwa Kwexesha LeSabatha EBhayibhileni —
Iqala Nini Ngokwenene ISabatha?
ISabatha lusuku lwesixhenxe olusikelelweyo nolungcwalisiweyo nguThixo. Amakholwa awayigcini iSabatha ukuze afumane usindiso.
Kunoko, phantsi kobabalo, bayayikhumbula imisebenzi emikhulu kaThixo yokudala neyokuhlangula baze balindele ukuphumla okungunaphakade okuzayo.
Namhlanje, kukho iimbono ezahlukeneyo malunga nokuba iSabatha iqala nini kwaye iphela nini.
Abanye balandela isiko lamaYuda lamva nje baze bagcine iSabatha ukususela ekutshoneni kwelanga ngoLwesihlanu ukuya ekutshoneni kwelanga ngoMgqibelo.
Abanye bayibala ngokwexesha lokutshona kwelanga okanye ukubonakala kweenkwenkwezi.
Abanye balandela ikhalenda yanamhlanje yoluntu baze basebenzise ezinzulwini zobusuku njengomda wemini, oko kukuthi, indawo yokwahlula phakathi kosuku olunye nolulandelayo.
Abanye, ngokusekelwe kwiindinyana ezahlukeneyo zeBhayibhile, bakholelwa ukuba usuku olupheleleyo luqala emini, luqhubeke ngokuhlwa nasebusuku, luze luphele xa kuqala usuku olulandelayo.
Ngokwale ngqiqo, iSabatha yomhla wesixhenxe yayiza kuqala ekukhanyeni kwemini ngoMgqibelo ize iphele ekuqaleni kokukhanya kwemini ngeCawa.
Olu phononongo luhlola ukuba olu luvo lokugqibela luxhaswa yiBhayibhile nembali.
1. “Usuku” Lwenziwa Njani KwiGenesis?
Iingxelo zeGenesis 1:3–5:
UThixo wathi, “Makubekho ukukhanya,” kwabakho ukukhanya. UThixo wabona ukuba ukukhanya kulungile, waza uThixo wahlula ukukhanya ebumnyameni. UThixo wathi ukukhanya yiMini, nobumnyama wathi buBusuku. Kwahlwa, kwasa, yaba lusuku lokuqala.
Kuqhelekile ukuba kucingelwe ukuba kuba umbhalo uthi, “kwahlwa, kwasa,” ngoko ke usuku kufuneka luqale ngokuhlwa.
Nangona kunjalo, ukufunda ngononophelo ulandelelwano losuku lokuqala kwiGenesis kuvumela enye into enokwenzeka.
Ekuqaleni kwendalo, umhlaba wawungenanto, ungenanto, nobumnyama babuphezu kobuso bolwandle. Ubumnyama babusele bukhona, kodwa ukukhanya uThixo akudalileyo nokumbonakalisa kwakungekabonakali. UThixo wathi, “Makubekho ukukhanya,” kwaza kwabakho ukukhanya kuphela. UThixo wahlula ukukhanya ebumnyameni, wathi ukukhanya “yiMini” nobumnyama “buBusuku.”
Ngoko ke, ulandelelwano lokwenyani losuku lokuqala lunokuqondwa ngolu hlobo:
Ubumnyama bokuqala → UThixo udala ukukhanya → Imini → Ukuhlwa → Ubusuku → Kusasa → Usuku lokuqala lugqityiwe
Oku akufani nokuthi imini ngokwayo iqala ngokuhlwa.
“Ukuhlwa” kukutshintsha apho ukukhanya kwemini kufikelela esiphelweni khona nobusuku buqala, ngelixa “kusasa” kukutshintsha apho ubusuku buphela khona nokukhanya kwemini kuqale kwakhona.
Ke ngoko, ingxelo:
“Kwahlwa, kwasa, umhla wokuqala”
Kusenokuqondwa ukuba imini yokudala epheleleyo yadlula emini, ngokuhlwa, nasebusuku kwada kwasa. Ngelo xesha usuku lokuqala lwagqitywa kwaye usuku olulandelayo lwaqala.
Ukususela ngomhla wesibini ukuya phambili, usuku lungamelwa ngolu hlobo:
Ukukhanya kwemini → Ukuhlwa → Ubusuku → Kusasa
Oko kukuthi, usuku luqala kusasa malunga nokukhanya kwelanga luze luphele kusasa olulandelayo.
Olu hlalutyo aluyongcamango yanamhlanje nje kuphela. Abanye abaphengululi bamaYuda kunye neBhayibhile baye baphikisana ngelithi uSirayeli wamandulo kusenokwenzeka ukuba ekuqaleni wayesebenzisa indlela yokubala usuku ukususela kusasa ukuya kusasa.
2. Usuku Locamagushelo: Ngaba "Ukuhlwa ukuya Kuhlwa" kukubalwa kosuku ngokubanzi, okanye yiMbhiyozo eKhethekileyo?
ILevitikus 23:27 ithi:
Ngomhla weshumi wale nyanga yesixhenxe kuya kubakho uMhla wokuCamagushela.
Kodwa iLevitikus 23:32 inika umyalelo okhethekileyo:
Ukususela ngokuhlwa komhla wesithoba wenyanga ukuya ngokuhlwa okulandelayo, noyigcina isabatha yenu.
Eli licandelo elibaluleke kakhulu.
Ukuba "ubusuku besithoba" babusele buqalile usuku lweshumi, kutheni le nto isicatshulwa sisalubiza ngolu hlobo:
ngokuhlwa kosuku lwesithoba
endaweni “yokuhlwa komhla weshumi”?
Enye ingqiqo enokwenzeka yeyokuba umda womhla oqhelekileyo wawuhlala usekuseni, ngoxa ukuzila okukhethekileyo nokuzithoba okufunekayo ngoMhla woCamagushelo kwaqala kwangethuba, ngokuhlwa komhla wesithoba, kwaza kwaqhubeka de kwangokuhlwa komhla weshumi.
Ngoko ke:
Imini yomhla we-9 → Ubusuku bomhla we-9 [ukuzila kuqala] → Imini yomhla we-10 [uSuku lokuBuyiselwa] → Ubusuku bomhla we-10 [iziphelo ezikhawulezayo]
Ngokwale ngqiqo, "ukuhlwa ukuya ngokuhlwa" kuchaza:
ixesha elikhethekileyo lokugcinwa koMhla woCamagushelo
endaweni yokuchaza ngokuyimfuneko:
umda wosuku wemihla ngemihla
Lo mahluko ubalulekile.
IBhayibhile ayitsho ukuba:
"Yonke iSabatha mayigcinwe ukususela ngokuhlwa kude kube ngokuhlwa."
ILevitikus 23:32 ithetha ngokukhethekileyo ngoMhla woCamagushelo, okwanomyalelo owahlukileyo wokuba umntu azithobe.
Ngoko ke, ukwandiswa kwale ndinyana ibe ngumthetho oqhelekileyo weSabatha yeveki nganye kufuna inkxaso eyongezelelweyo yeBhayibhile.
3. Ubudlelwane Phakathi "kwaloo mini" kunye "nokusa"
Iindinyana ezininzi kuMthetho kaMoses zibaluleke kakhulu.
ILevitikus 7:15 ithi inyama yomnikelo wombulelo mayidliwe ngomhla womnikelo wayo kwaye mayingashiywa kude kube kusasa.
ILevitikus 22:30 ithi kwakhona:
Yodliwa ngaloo mini, ningashiyi nto kuyo kude kuse.
IDuteronomi 21:23 ikwayalela oku:
Isidumbu sakhe asiyi kuhlala ubusuku bonke emthini, kodwa ngokuqinisekileyo uya kumngcwaba ngaloo mini.
Ezi ndinyana zibonisa ngokwemvelo ulandelelwano:
Loo mini → Ukuhlwa → Ubusuku → Ukusa
Zibonisa ukuba ubusuku nobusuku kusese “kwaloo mini,” ngelixa ukufika kwentsasa kuphawula ukuqala kosuku olulandelayo.
Ngoko ke, idini lalinokutyiwa ngokuhlwa nangobusuku baloo mini, kodwa lalingenakuhlala kude kube kusasa. Eli gama lihambelana nentsasa esebenza njengomda apho imfuneko malunga "naloo mini" ingasasebenzi khona.
Eli gama lixhasa ngokuthe ngqo ukuqonda ukuba usuku luqala kusasa malunga nokukhanya kwelanga, luqhubeke ngokuhlwa, luze lube sebusuku, luze luphele kusasa.
Okungenani, ezi ndinyana zibonisa ukuba kusasa kunokusebenza njenge umda wosuku, indawo eyahlula phakathi kosuku olunye nolulandelayo.
4. IEksodus 16, iMana, kunye noMhla wokuGcina iSabatha wokuqala obhaliweyo
IEksodus 16 yenye yezona ndima zibalulekileyo zokufunda ixesha leSabatha.
Abantu baphuma kusasa nganye ukuya kuqokelela imana, baza ngomhla wesithandathu baqokelela kabini.
UMoses wathi kubo:
Ngomso luphumlo lweSabatha, iSabatha engcwele eNkosini.
Abantu bagcina ukutya:
kude kube kusasa.
Emva koko, kusasa, uMoses wathi:
Yityani namhlanje, kuba namhlanje yiSabatha yeNkosi.
Ibali libonisa olu landelelwano lulandelayo:
Usuku lwesithandathu: qokelela isabelo esiphindwe kabini → Iipasi zasebusuku → Ukusa → “Namhlanje” yiSabatha
Le yenye yezona ndima ziphambili apho uThixo, esebenzisa uMoses, efundisa uSirayeli ngokusesikweni indlela yokugcina iSabatha.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuba esi sicatshulwa asithethi ngoMoses xa evakalisa ukutshona kwelanga ngomhla wesithandathu:
"ISabatha iqalile ngoku."
Kunoko, ngentsasa elandelayo, usuku lwesixhenxe luchazwa ngolu hlobo:
"Namhlanje yiSabatha."
Oku kuhambelana, kwaye kunokuxhasa, ukubalwa kweSabatha okusekelwe kusasa, nangona kungayichazi ngokwayo ukuba iSabatha iqale nini na.
5. Ukuvalwa Kwamasango NguNehemiya Akubonisi Ukuba ISabatha Yaqala Ekutshoneni Kwelanga
Iingxelo zikaNehemiya 13:19:
Kwathi xa amasango aseYerusalem eqala ukuba mnyama ngaphambi kweSabatha, ndathi mazivalwe iingcango, ndaza ndathi mazingavulwa ide idlule iSabatha.
Esi sicatshulwa sidla ngokusetyenziswa ukungqina ukuba iSabatha yayiqala ekutshoneni kwelanga.
Nangona kunjalo, umbhalo ngokwawo uthi:
ngaphambi kweSabatha
UNehemiya wavala amasango kwangaphambili, ngexesha lobumnyama ngaphambi kweSabatha. Oku kunokuqondwa ngokwemvelo njengenyathelo lokuthintela abathengisi ekungeniseni iimpahla esixekweni ebusuku ukuze bakwazi ukurhweba ngeSabatha elandelayo.
Ke ngoko:
Ukuvala amasango xa kutshona ilanga ≠ bubungqina bokuba ukutshona kwelanga kwakuqala iSabatha
Esi sicatshulwa siyahambelana nentsingiselo yokuqalisa kokutshona kwelanga, kodwa asibonisi ukuba ukutshona kwelanga kwakungumda wemini.
6. Ixesha Lokungcwatywa KweNkosi UYesu Liphakamisa Umbuzo Obalulekileyo
Ukungcwatywa kweNkosi uYesu: Ngokuhlwa ngomhla wokulungiselela nokusondela kweSabatha
Ingxelo kaMarko 15:42:
“Kwathi kwakuba kuhlwile, kuba yayiyimini yokulungiselela, oko kukuthi, usuku oluphambi kweSabatha…”
Ulandelelwano lwexesha kule ndinyana lufanele luqwalaselwe ngononophelo.
Isicatshulwa sithi ngokucacileyo:
ubusuku sele bufikile
kodwa eli xesha linye lisabizwa ngokuba:
“uMhla woLungiselelo, oko kukuthi, usuku olungaphambi kweSabatha.”
Ngamanye amazwi, ngokwendlela ebhalwe ngayo le ngxelo, ubusuku babusele bufikile, kodwa yayisenguMhla woLungiselelo, kwaye iSabatha yayingekaqali.
UYosefu waseArimathiya waya kuPilato waza wacela umzimba weNkosi uYesu. UPilato wamangaliswa kukuba sele efile, ngoko wabiza igosa lekhulu waza wambuza ukuba sele efile na. Kuphela emva kokufumana isiqinisekiso apho uPilato wakhulula umzimba kuYosefu.
Kwakusafuneka kulandelwe uthotho lweenkqubo zokungcwaba. UJoseph kwakufuneka:
thenga ilinen entle → susa umzimba → lungisa umzimba → wusonge ngelinen → uwubeke engcwabeni eliqingqiweyo → qengqela ilitye emnyango
UYohane 19:39–40 uqhubeka ebhala ukuba uNikodemo weza nesixa esikhulu semore ne-alo, kwaye xa bebonke:
walungisa isidumbu sikaYesu ngeziqholo ngokwesiko lamaJuda lokungcwaba.
Ngoko ke, ukususela ngexesha apho kwakusele kuhlwile waza uYosefu waya kuPilato kuqala ukuze acele isidumbu, ngokubuza kukaPilato kwigosa lekhulu, ukukhululwa kwesidumbu, kunye nokulungiselela ukungcwaba okupheleleyo okwenziwa nguYosefu noNikodemo, kufuneka ukuba kwadlula ixesha elininzi.
Emva kokuchaza ezi ziganeko, uLuka 23:54 uthi:
“Loo mini yayiyimini yokulungiselela, neSabatha yayisondela.”
Le ndinyana ibaluleke kakhulu.
Isenzi sesiGrike esiguqulelwe ngokuthi “wayesondela” sithi ἐπέφωσκεν (epéphōsken), ukusuka ἐπιφώσκω (epiphōskō)Eli gama linxulunyaniswa nokukhanya okubonakalayo, imini iqala ukukhanya, okanye ukusa kusondela.
Ngoko ke, xa kujongwa intsingiselo esisiseko yeli gama, ibali likaLuka liphakamisa umbuzo obalulekileyo ofanele ukuphandwa:
Ingaba ukungcwatywa kweNkosi uYesu kwaqala ngokuhlwa koMhla woLungiselelo, kwaqhubeka ixesha elithile ebusuku, kwaza kwaphela njengoko kusondela ukusa, iSabatha yomhla wesixhenxe sele iza “kusa”?
Ukuba kunjalo, ulandelelwano lweziganeko luya kuvumelana:
Usuku lokulungiselela emini: iNkosi ibethelwe esiphambanweni → Kufika urhatya, kodwa kusabizwa ngokuba yiMini yokulungiselela → UYosefu ucela isidumbu → UYosefu noNikodemo balungiselela baze bangcwabe isidumbu seNkosi → ISabatha isondela
Olu hlalutyo lufanele ukuthelekiswa nombono wendabuko wokuba iSabatha yaqala kwangoko ekutshoneni kwelanga ngoLwesihlanu.
UMarko uthi ngokucacileyo ukuba ubusuku babusele bufikile ngelixa ixesha lisabizwa ngokuba “yiMini yoLungiselelo, usuku olungaphambi kweSabatha.” Emva kokuchaza umngcwabo, uLuka usebenzisa isenzi esinxulunyaniswa nokukhanya okanye ukusa ukuchaza iSabatha njengesondelayo.
Kakade ke, yonke le ngxaki yokubalwa kweSabatha ayinakusonjululwa ngegama elinye lesiGrike. ἐπέφωσκεν yodwa. Ukusetyenziswa kweli gama kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kunye neendlela zokubala imihla phakathi kwamaYuda enkulungwane yokuqala nazo kufuneka zihlolwe.
Nangona kunjalo, xa ezi ndinyana zimbini zifundwa kunye, ziphakamisa umbuzo ongafanele uphoswe lula:
Ukuba iSabatha yayisele iqalile emva nje kokutshona kwelanga ngoLwesihlanu, kutheni uMarko, emva kokuba esithi ubusuku bufikile, esabiza ixesha ngokuthi “uMhla woLungiselelo, usuku olungaphambi kweSabatha”? Kwaye kutheni uLuka, ngasekupheleni komngcwabo, esebenzisa isenzi esinxulunyaniswa nokukhanya nokusa ukuchaza ukusondela kweSabatha?
Ngoko ke, ingxelo yokungcwatywa kweNkosi uYesu ifanele iqwalaselwe nzulu xa kujongwa ukuba iSabatha yaqala ngokuhlwa okanye emini.
7. UMateyu 28:1: “Emva kwesabatha, malunga nokusa kosuku lokuqala”
UMateyu 28:1 yenye ivesi ebaluleke kakhulu.
Igama lesiGrike lichaza ixesha ngolu hlobo:
emva kweSabatha, njengoko kwakusa malunga nosuku lokuqala lweveki.
Ngokwendlela yokulandelelana kwexesha yendalo:
ISabatha igqityiwe → Ubusuku obuphakathi bufikelela kumda walo wakusasa → Usuku lokuqala luyasa
Oku kuhambelana ngokwemvelo nokuqonda ukuba usuku lokuqala luqala kusasa.
Zonke iincwadi ezine zeVangeli zithi abafazi baya engcwabeni kwangethuba ngosuku lokuqala lweveki.
Ukuba iSabatha yayiphelile ngokupheleleyo ekutshoneni kwelanga ngoMgqibelo, kutheni abafazi bengazange baye engcwabeni kwangoko ngoMgqibelo ngokuhlwa endaweni yokulinda kude kube kusasa ngosuku lokuqala?
Umntu angaphendula ngokusengqiqweni athi ukhuseleko, ubumnyama, ukukhanya, okanye ezinye izinto ezinokwenzeka zinokubangela ukulibaziseka. Ke ngoko, eli nqaku lodwa alinaso isigqibo.
Nangona kunjalo, xa ifundwa kunye nezinye iindinyana, ihlala ibalulekile.
8. UYohane 20:19: “Ngaloo mini inye, ngosuku lokuqala lweveki, ngokuhlwa”
Ingxelo kaYohane 20:19:
“Kwaye ngaloo mini ngokuhlwa, ngomhla wokuqala weveki…”
Ngokwenkqubo yamaYuda yamva nje yokutshona kwelanga ukuya ekutshoneni kwelanga, iCawa ngokuhlwa emva kokutshona kwelanga yayiza kuba seyeyosuku lwesibini.
Sekunjalo uYohane usaqhubeka esithi:
“Kwangaloo mini, ngosuku lokuqala lweveki, ngokuhlwa.”
Oku kubonisa ubuncinane ukuba umbhali weTestamente eNtsha angachaza ubusuku obulandela imini njengobusengobo "mini" inye.
Kakade ke, abanye abatoliki bayiqonda “loo mini inye” njengengxelo nje echaza usuku lovuko endaweni yokuba yinkcazo yekhalenda yobugcisa.
Kungoko ke, esi sicatshulwa singcono ukusetyenziswa kunye nobunye ubungqina kunokuba sisetyenziswe njengobungqina bodwa.
9. Iindinyana zeTestamente eNtsha apho "Imini elandelayo" iza emva kobusuku okanye ebusuku
ITestamente eNtsha ineepateni ezininzi ezifanayo zokubalisa.
UMarko 11 ubhala ukuba ngokuhlwa kwafika, aze athethe “ngosuku olulandelayo.”
UYohane 6 uthi okokuqala ngokuhlwa sele kuhlwile, kwaye emva koko uthetha “ngosuku olulandelayo.”
IZenzo 4 zithi kuba kwakusele kuhlwile, abapostile babanjwa de kwaba “ngosuku olulandelayo.”
IZenzo 23 zichaza uPawulos ephelekwa ebusuku, kwaye emva koko zibhekisa “kwimini elandelayo.”
Ezi ngxelo azifanele zithathwe njengeefomula zekhalenda eziqinileyo.
Nangona kunjalo, zibonisa ukuba:
Ubusuku nobusuku bebungathathwa ngokuzenzekelayo ngababhali beBhayibhile njengesiqalo sosuku olulandelayo.
10. "Iiyure Ezilishumi Elinesibini" Zokukhanya Kwemini Nokugcina Ixesha Okusekelwe Ekuseni
INkosi uYesu yathi:
“Azikho iiyure ezilishumi elinesibini emini?”
—Yohane 11:9
ITestamente eNtsha isoloko ibhekisa kwiyure yesithathu, iyure yesithandathu, kunye neyure yesithoba.
Phantsi kwenkqubo yamaYuda yokwahlula ukukhanya kwelanga kube ziindawo ezilishumi elinambini:
iyure yesithathu yayimalunga nentsimbi ye-9:00 kusasa;
malunga nentsimbi yesithandathu emva kwemini;
ngentsimbi yesithoba malunga nentsimbi yesi-3 emva kwemini
Oku kubonisa ukuba ukubala okuqhelekileyo emini kwihlabathi lamandulo kwakuqala malunga nokusa okanye ukuphuma kwelanga.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kugcinwe umahluko obalulekileyo phakathi kwezi zinto zilandelayo:
indawo yokuqala yokubala iiyure ezilishumi elinesibini zasemini
kwaye
umda wosuku wosuku olupheleleyo lwekhalenda oluziiyure ezingamashumi amabini anesine
Ezi zimbini azifani ngokuyimfuneko.
Ke ngoko, obu bungqina bunokubonelela ngenkxaso engasemva yokuqonda okusekelwe kusasa, kodwa akufuneki busetyenziswe bodwa ukungqina ukuba yonke imihla kufuneka iqale ngo-6:00 kusasa.
Ukuze kugcinwe ngokubonakalayo namhlanje, ukusebenzisa malunga ne-6:00–7:00 kusasa ixesha eliqhelekileyo lendawo njengomda wokusebenza kunokubonelela ngenkqubo ehambelanayo, kodwa kufuneka kuchazwe ngokucacileyo ukuba oku:
indlela esebenzayo yokuyisebenzisa, hayi umyalelo weBhayibhile ochaza ngqo intsimbi yesi-6:00 kusasa
11. Imini nobusuku zihlala zibuya ngamaxesha azo amiselweyo
UYeremiya 33 uqulethe iingxelo ezimbini ezibalulekileyo malunga nolungelelwano olumiselwe nguThixo lwemini nobusuku.
UYeremiya 33:20 uthi:
“Itsho iNkosi ukuthi: Ukuba ninokuwaphula umnqophiso wam nemini nomnqophiso wam nobusuku, ukuze imini nobusuku bungafiki ngexesha labo elimisiweyo…”
UYeremiya 33:25 ubhekisa kwakhona ku:
Umnqophiso kaThixo nemini nobusuku kunye nomyalelo omiselweyo wezulu nomhlaba.
Ezi ndinyana zichaza imini nobusuku njengezihlandlo ezimbini ezahlukeneyo kodwa eziphindaphindayo ezilawulwa lulungelelwano olumiselweyo lukaThixo:
Imini ifika ngexesha layo elimiselweyo → Ubusuku bufika ngexesha labo elimiselweyo → Imini ibuya kwakhona
Ukudibana okufanayo kwendalo kuvela ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwiintetho zeBhayibhile ezichaza amaxesha aqhubekayo:
iintsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu — 1 Samuweli 30:12; Yona 1:17; Mateyu 12:40;
iintsuku ezisixhenxe nobusuku obusixhenxe — Yobhi 2:13;
iintsuku ezingamashumi amane nobusuku obungamashumi amane —Genesis 7:4, 12; Eksodus 24:18; 34:28; Duteronomi 9:9, 18; 1 Kumkani 19:8; Mateyu 4:2.
Kula mabinzana, igama elithi “imini” lidla ngokuthetha ixesha lokukhanya kwaye elithi “ubusuku” lithetha ixesha lobumnyama. Zimbini zichaza ukulandelelana okungaphazanyiswayo kwemini nobusuku.
Ipatheni yeBhayibhile ephindaphindwayo— imini nobusuku —ngoko ke iyahambelana nolu landelelwano:
Ukukhanya kwemini → Ukuhlwa → Ubusuku → Ukubuya kwemini
Obu bungqina abuyimiseli umda ochanekileyo womhla ngamnye wekhalenda. Nangona kunjalo, bubonisa ukuba iBhayibhile iphinda-phinda iphathe ukukhanya kwelanga nobusuku obulandelayo njengexesha elihambelanayo ngokwendalo xa ichaza ukuhamba kweentsuku ezipheleleyo.
Xa kujongwa kunye neGenesis 1, imithetho ephathelele oko kungamele kuhlale kude kube kusasa, kunye nezinye iindinyana ezihlolisiswe kolu phononongo, le ndlela iphindaphindayo yemini nobusuku inika inkxaso eyongezelelweyo yokuphanda ukuba ulandelelwano lweBhayibhile lunokuqondwa njengemini elandelwa bubusuku, kunye nomjikelo olandelayo obonakala xa ukukhanya kwemini kubuyela.
12. Iingxabano Zekhalenda Ezisele Zikho Ngexesha Lesibini LeTempile
Ekufundeni iikhalenda zamaYuda amandulo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe inyani ebalulekileyo yembali:
USirayeli wamandulo wayengasebenzisi inkqubo enye yekhalenda engaguqukiyo kuyo yonke imbali yakhe.
Incwadi yeeJubili kunye nezithethe zeenkwenkwezi eziboniswe kwincwadi yoku-1 ka-Enoki zigxininisa kakhulu kwikhalenda yelanga yeentsuku ezingama-364.
Unyaka oneentsuku ezingama-364 uqulathe kanye ezi zinto zilandelayo:
Iiveki ezingama-52 ezipheleleyo.
INcwadi yeeJubilees, isahluko 6, ide ilumkise ukuba xa abantu bemisela imihla ngokujonga inyanga, imithendeleko neeSabatha zinokuphazamiseka.
Oku kubonisa ukuba kwakukho iingxabano ezibalulekileyo zekhalenda kuluntu lwamaYuda ngexesha leTempile yesiBini.
Ngoko ke, nokuba ezinye iindinyana kwiJubilees zibonisa inkqubo apho umhla omtsha waqala emva kokutshona kwelanga, oku akunakusetyenziswa ngokuchaseneyo ukungqina ukuba:
"Le yayiyindlela yokuqala kaMoses."
IJubilees ngokwayo ngumsebenzi wexesha leTempile yesiBini kwaye ibonisa isiko elithile kuloo xesha.
13. Abanye Abaphengululi BamaYuda Banamhlanje Baye Baphikisana Ngomda Wasemini Yasekuseni YakwaSirayeli
Iqela leengcali ezibalulekileyo zamaYuda zenkulungwane yama-20 zawuhlola lo mbuzo.
UJulian Morgenstern baphikisana ngelithi uSirayeli wamandulo wayebala usuku ukususela ekuphumeni kwelanga okanye ekuphumeni kwelanga ukuya ekuphumeni kwelanga okanye ekuphumeni kwelanga okulandelayo, kwaye inkqubo yokutshona kwelanga ukuya ekutshoneni kwelanga yavela kamva.
UJacob Z. Lauterbach bacebisa umbono ofanayo, besithi ukubalwa kosuku kuSirayeli wangaphambi kokubanjwa kwakungangqinelani nenkqubo yoorabhi bamva nje, kwaye ezinye iindlela zeTempile zigcine umgaqo omdala apho ubusuku bulandela imini yangaphambili.
UPJ Heawood ikwaxoxe nangokuba kungenzeka ukuba kubekho umda wemini yasekuseni ngemithetho yeminikelo, iindinyana zeGenesis, kunye neTestamente eNtsha.
Ezi zifundo azingqinisi ukuba uphando lwanamhlanje lufikelele kwisigqibo esivumelana ngazwi linye.
Nangona kunjalo, zibonisa ukuba:
Imbono yokuba uSirayeli wamandulo kusenokwenzeka ukuba ekuqaleni wayesebenzisa umda wemini yasekuseni ayisiyonto intsha nje engenazo izikhokelo zezifundo.
Sisikhundla esicetywayo ngokusesikweni kwaye saxoxwa ngaso kwizifundo zemfundo.
14. Intlungu yeNkosi kunye "noSuku lwesithathu"
Zonke iincwadi zeVangeli ezine zichaza usuku lokubethelwa kweNkosi uYesu ngolu hlobo:
Usuku Lokulungiselela.
INkosi yaxela kwangaphambili ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba iza kuvuka:
ngomhla wesithathu.
KuLuka 24:21, emva kwemini yosuku lokuqala lweveki, abafundi ababini ababesendleleni eya e-Emawusi bathi:
“Namhlanje lusuku lwesithathu ukusukela oko ezi zinto zenzekile.”
Ukuba ukubethelelwa emnqamlezweni kwenzeke ngoLwesihlanu:
ULwesihlanu = usuku lokuqala
UMgqibelo = usuku lwesibini
ICawa = usuku lwesithathu
Oku kuvumelana ngokwemvelo nebinzana elithi “wavuswa ngomhla wesithathu.”
Ngoko ke, akukho mfuneko yokutshintshela umhla wokubethelelwa ngoLwesine ukuze nje siqwalasele ibinzana elithi “iintsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu.”
15. “Iintsuku Ezintathu Nobusuku Obuthathu Entliziyweni Yomhlaba” Ayithethi Ngayo “Ukungcwatywa Iintsuku Ezintathu Nobusuku Obuthathu”
UMateyu 12:40 uthi:
“Ngokunjalo uNyana woMntu uya kuba sentliziyweni yomhlaba iintsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu.”
Ibinzana lithi:
“entliziyweni yomhlaba”
endaweni yokusebenzisa igama eliqhelekileyo elithi “ngaphakathi kwengcwaba elingaphantsi komhlaba.”
Xa iNkosi yabanjwa eGetsemane, yathi:
“Eli lixa lenu, namandla obumnyama.”
—Luka 22:53.
Ngoko ke, enye ingcaciso enokwenzeka yokomoya kukuba ukususela ngexesha lokubanjwa kwayo ngoLwesine ebusuku, iNkosi yayisele ingene kwixesha apho yayiphantsi kwamandla eli hlabathi “namandla obumnyama.”
Ngoko ke:
NgoLwesine ebusuku
NgoLwesihlanu emini
NgoLwesihlanu ebusuku
NgoMgqibelo emini
NgoMgqibelo ebusuku
NgeCawa ekuseni kakhulu, xa kusondela ukukhanya kwemini
inokubalwa ngolu hlobo:
ubusuku obuthathu kunye nexesha elithathu lasemini
ngoxa iNkosi yayisese:
bethelelwe emnqamlezweni ngoLwesihlanu yaza yavuswa ngomhla wesithathu, ngeCawa.
Olu hlalutyo luvumela zombini "iintsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu" kunye "nokuvuswa ngomhla wesithathu" ukuba zihlale ziyinyani ngaphandle kokutshintsha indlela iVangeli elichaza ngayo umhla wokubethelwa emnqamlezweni njengoMhla woLungiselelo.
16. Isakhelo Sokuthelekisa Iindidi Ezingamashumi Asixhenxe AnesiBini Ezinokwenzeka
Ukuba ezi zinto zilandelayo zilungelelaniswe ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
nokuba usuku lulandela ubusuku-imini okanye imini nobusuku ulandelelwano;
nokuba iNkosi yabandezeleka ngomhla wesine, wesihlanu, okanye wesithandathu weveki;
nokuba wavuka ngobusuku bosuku lwesixhenxe, emini yosuku lwesixhenxe, ebusuku bosuku lokuqala, okanye emini yosuku lokuqala;
nokuba “iintsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu” zibalwa ukususela ekungcwatyweni, ekufeni, okanye ekubanjweni;
ke inani lilonke leendibaniselwano zethiyori yile:
2 × 3 × 4 × 3 = 72 amathuba.
Ezi zinto zinokwenzeka zinokuvavanywa ngokweemeko ezine zezibhalo:
iNkosi yavuka ngomhla wesithathu;
Wayesentliziyweni yomhlaba iintsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu;
emva kwemini yosuku lokuqala yayisabizwa ngokuba lusuku lwesithathu;
Ubusuku bomhla wokubethelelwa emnqamlezweni babusabizwa ngokuba yiMini yoLungiselelo.
Esi sikhokelo sisixhobo sokuthelekisa endaweni yokuba bubungqina bezibalo, kuba ezi zinto ziguquguqukayo ziyatolika kwaye azixhomekekanga ngokuyimfuneko. Ngaphakathi kwezi ngqikelelo ezihlolwayo apha, indibaniselwano ebonakala ilungele zonke iimeko ezine ngendlela ehambelanayo yile:
Usuku luqala ngokukhanya kwemini; iNkosi yabanjwa ngoLwesine ebusuku; yabandezeleka ngoLwesihlanu; yavuka ngeCawa ekuseni kakhulu; yaye “iintsuku ezintathu nobusuku obuthathu” zibalwa ukususela kwixesha eyangena ngalo phantsi kwegunya lobumnyama ngoLwesine ebusuku.
Esi siphumo sihambelana ngokusondeleyo nezigqibo ezithathwe kwiindinyana zangaphambili.
17. Isiphelo
Xa iGenesis, uMthetho kaMoses, iincwadi zembali, iiVangeli, ezinye iimbali zeTestamente eNtsha, uncwadi lweTempile yesiBini, kunye nezifundo zokubalwa kwekhalenda yamaYuda amandulo zijongwa kunye, kuvela isigqibo esifanele siqwalaselwe ngokunzulu:
Akukho ndinyana eBhayibhileni ethi ngokucacileyo, “ISabatha yeveki nganye mayisoloko igcinwa ukususela ekutshoneni kwelanga ngoLwesihlanu ukuya ekutshoneni kwelanga ngoMgqibelo.”
Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iindinyana ezininzi zibonisa iipatheni apho:
kusasa kuthwala intsingiselo yokuqala kosuku olutsha; ukukhanya kwemini kulandelwa kubusuku nobusuku, kuze kube kusasa okulandelayo; emva kokuba usuku lwesithandathu ludlule ubusuku, kusasa okulandelayo kubizwa ngokuba “namhlanje, iSabatha”; kwaye kwiingxelo ezithile zeTestamente eNtsha, ubusuku busanxulunyaniswa nosuku olufanayo olungaphambili.
Umyalelo kaLevitikus 23 wokugcina uMhla woCamagushelo “ukususela ngokuhlwa kude kube ngokuhlwa” ngummiselo okhethekileyo waloo mini ingcwele kwaye akufuneki, ngaphandle kobungqina obungaphezulu, uphathwe ngokuzenzekelayo njengowomhlaba wonke. ifomula yomda wosuku kwiSabatha nganye yeveki.
Ngoko ke, kunokucetyiswa ukuba:
ISabatha yomhla wesixhenxe isenokuqondwa ngokufanelekileyo njengequka lonke usuku lwesixhenxe—ukususela ekuqaleni kosuku lwangoMgqibelo, ukuya kutsho ngoMgqibelo ngokuhlwa nasebusuku, de kube sekuqaleni kosuku lwangoCawa.
Njengesiqhelo namhlanje, kuba amaxesha okuphuma kwelanga ayahluka ngokwexesha lonyaka kunye nobubanzi balo, kwaye ngenxa yokuba ezinye iindawo zinexesha elingenalo ukuphuma kwelanga okanye ukutshona kwelanga okuqhelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kolu luhlu malunga 6:00–7:00 kusasa ixesha eliqhelekileyo lendawo njengoko umda osebenzayo unokubonelela ngokuhambelana.
Nangona kunjalo, eyona nto ibalulekileyo asikokuphikisana ngemizuzu okanye imizuzwana embalwa, kodwa kukuqonda ukuba:
iSabatha lusuku lwesixhenxe olusikelelwe nguThixo.
ULwesihlanu luSuku Lokulungiselela, apho amakholwa azilungiselela ngokwasemzimbeni nangokomoya ukwamkela iSabatha. Ukususela ekuqaleni kokukhanya kosuku lwesixhenxe ukuya ekuqaleni kokukhanya kosuku olulandelayo, bayayikhumbula indalo kaThixo kunye nentlawulelo, bayonwabele ukuphumla awabanike kona phantsi kobabalo, baze balindele ukuphumla okungunaphakade okuzayo.
“Ukuba ulususa unyawo lwakho kwiSabatha, ungenzi ukuthanda kwakho ngomhla wam ongcwele, kwaye uthi iSabatha yinto emnandi, umhla ongcwele kaThixo uhloniphekile, kwaye uya kumzukisa, ungazenzi iindlela zakho, ungafumani into oyithandayo, kwaye ungathethi amazwi akho; uya kuziyolisa ngoThixo; kwaye uya kukukhwelisa kwiindawo eziphakamileyo zomhlaba, kwaye uyondle ngelifa likaYakobi uyihlo: kuba umlomo kaThixo uthethile.”
— Isaya 58:13–14
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